Quality Management includes everything we do to make sure we produce and deliver our company’s products and services to spec and at the appropriate cost. Quality management also includes making sure goods arrive on time. It ensures that a company’s goods or services are consistent.
Quality management focuses both on product and service quality and on the means to achieve it. It has four main components: quality planning, quality control, quality assurance, and quality improvement.
With the integration of modern technology, quality management systems have become more sophisticated, allowing for real-time monitoring and analytics to ensure quality standards.
Wikipedia has the following definition of the term:
“Quality management is focused not only on product and service quality but also on the means to achieve it. Quality management, therefore, uses quality assurance and control of processes as well as products to achieve more consistent quality.”
When we are talking about the system a company uses, we say QMS. QMS stands for quality management system.
Quality management – example
Let’s assume that the fictitious company ACME Biros makes ballpoint pens (biros). It produces blue, black, and red biros.
To make sure that the pens have the right color, and that the color is consistent, it created a team of quality control inspectors.
The inspectors take random samples of pens and examine them for color consistency. They also check that the biros work properly, don’t leak, and that their covers fit correctly.
If the inspectors detect an inconsistency or mistake, i.e., a variance, they have the authority to halt production. In other words, if they have to, they can stop the production line until the problem is corrected.
ACME may also have quality management personnel making sure that customers get their orders on time. They, therefore, monitor stock levels, delivery vehicles, drivers, etc.
Quality management – QC vs. QA
Quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) are both parts of quality management. Although they are related, they are, in fact quite different.
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Quality control
A quality control inspector makes sure that the finished products meet specifications and standards. Quality control occurs after the company has made the product. It is all about detecting defects.
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Quality assurance
QA, on the other hand, is all about preventing defects. QA personnel monitor the process.
According to Diffen.com:
“The goal of QA is to improve development and test processes so that defects do not arise when the product is being developed.”
“The goal of QC is to identify defects after a product is developed and before it’s released.”
QA is a managerial tool. QC, on the other hand, is a corrective tool.
International Standard for Quality Management
The International Standard for Quality Management (ISO 9001:2015) has a number of management principles. Upper management can use these principles to guide their company to better performance. The management principles are:
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Customer focus
Quality management should primarily focus on meeting customer requirements. It should also strive to exceed customer expectations.
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Leadership
Every leader should establish unity of purpose and direction. Leaders at all levels should also create conditions in which individuals are engaged in achieving the company’s quality objectives.
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Engagement of people
To enhance a company’s capability to create and deliver value, it is essential to have competent, engaged and empowered people. Not only people at the top but at all levels within the organization.
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Process approach
It is crucial that everybody understands what the activities are and why they are important. It is also vital that they are managed as interrelated processes that function seamlessly as a coherent system. Only then can a company achieve consistent and predictable results effectively and efficiently.
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Improvement
For a company to be successful, it should focus continually on improvement.
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Evidence-based decision-making
People working in a company should base their decisions on the evaluation and analysis of data – in other words, hard facts. Only then are they likely to produce desired results.
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Relationship management
Companies striving for sustained success should manage their relationships with interested parties, such as, for example, retailers and suppliers.
Alfie Kohn, an American author and lecturer in the areas of human behavior, education, and parenting, once said the following about quality management:
“The late W. Edwards Deming, guru of quality management, once declared, ‘The most important things we need to manage can’t be measured.’ If that’s true of what we need to manage, it should be even more obvious that it’s true of what we need to teach.”
In today’s data-driven environment, incorporating advanced analytics and big data has become increasingly significant in enhancing the strategic aspects of quality management.
Video – What is Quality Management?
This video, from our YouTube partner channel – Marketing Business Network – explains what a ‘Quality Management’ is using simple and easy-to-understand language and examples.