What is Wave Energy? Definition and Examples
Wave Energy or Wave Power is a form of *renewable energy that harnesses the power of ocean waves to generate electricity. This energy is derived from the movement of the surface of the sea, which is driven by the wind as it blows across the water.
* Renewable energy is energy that never runs out—it lasts forever. You can never use it all up. Sea waves are here today, tomorrow, and will still be here in a million years.
When you think about it, waves are essentially a concentrated form of wind energy. As the wind moves over the ocean’s surface, it transfers its energy to the water, creating waves. This energy can then be captured and converted into electricity that powers your home, business, or even an entire city.
Ecolife.com has the following definition of the term:
“Wave energy is a renewable energy source where we capture the energy generated naturally by waves.”
“Waves get their energy from the wind passing over the surface of the sea and can transmit their energy over long distances with little degradation; wave energy is considered a significant renewable energy resource.”
Definition of ‘Wave’ and ‘Energy’
Before we continue, let’s take a closer look at the meanings of the words “wave” and “energy”:
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Wave
The term “wave” has several meanings. For example, as a verb, it can mean moving your hand back and forth as a greeting, goodbye, or signal. In this article, however, we are focusing on “wave” as it relates to the sea—specifically, sea waves.
According to The Cambridge Dictionary, a wave is defined as:
“A raised line of water that moves across the surface of an area of water, especially the sea.”
Example Sentence: “At night, I listened to the sound of the waves breaking/crashing against the shore.”
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Energy
The word “energy” can have multiple meanings. For instance, it might describe the physical or mental strength required to perform activities, as in “You need a lot of energy to run a marathon.” It can also refer to the power derived from physical or chemical resources, which is used to provide light, heat, or to operate machinery.
In this article, we are focusing on “energy” as it relates to electricity that is generated and can be used to power your home, office, or other facilities.
Clean and Sustainable
One of the main advantages of wave energy is that it is a clean, sustainable source of power.
Unlike fossil fuels – oil, natural gas, and coal – which release harmful emissions when burned, energy (electricity) that comes from sea waves produces no pollution. This makes it an attractive option for reducing our carbon footprint and contributing to a healthier planet.
Additionally, because the oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, there is a vast potential for wave energy to provide a significant portion of the world’s electricity requirements.
Wave Energy Converters
Wave energy is typically captured using devices known as wave energy converters (WECs). These machines are designed to move with the waves, converting their kinetic energy into electricity.
There are several different types of WECs, each with its own unique design and method of capturing energy. Some devices float on the surface of the water, while others are anchored to the seabed. Here are five examples of the most common types:
Floating Devices
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Point Absorbers
They float on the surface and move up and down with the waves. Most of them are anchored to the seabed to stay in position.
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Attenuators
These long, segmented devices float on the surface and are oriented parallel to the direction of the waves. They also require anchoring to stay in place.
Anchored to the Seabed
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Oscillating Water Columns (OWCs)
While partially submerged, these devices are typically fixed structures anchored to the seabed.
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Overtopping Devices
These are usually anchored to the seabed or built into coastal structures to collect water from incoming waves.
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Submerged Pressure Differential Devices
These devices are positioned near the seabed and are directly anchored there, taking advantage of pressure changes caused by passing waves.
The choice of technology often depends on the specific conditions of the location where the wave energy is being harnessed.
Converting Wave Energy into Electricity
The process of converting the energy from sea waves into electricity usually involves a few key steps.
- First, the wave energy converter captures the energy from the moving waves.
- This energy is then used to drive a generator, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
- Finally, this electricity is transmitted to the grid, where it can be used to power your home, office, or any other place that requires electricity.
Early Days
We are in the early days of wave energy – it is still a developing technology. While there are a number of experimental and commercial projects around the world, the industry is not yet as established as other forms of renewable energy, such as wind or solar power.
However, with ongoing research and development, wave energy could become a more significant contributor to our energy needs in the future.
Wave Energy – Brief History
Wave energy as a concept has been around for over a century, with early ideas and patents emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
However, practical development and significant growth began in the second half of the 20th century, particularly in the 1970s, driven by the oil crises, which spurred interest in alternative energy sources.
Since the turn of the century, the growth of wave energy has accelerated due to advancements in technology and increasing concerns about climate change.
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Key Players Today
The European Union has been a key player in promoting wave energy, with countries like the United Kingdom, Portugal, and Denmark leading the way.
The UK, in particular, has made significant strides, especially in Scotland, where the harsh ocean conditions are ideal for wave energy projects.
Other notable regions include Australia and parts of the United States, such as the Pacific Northwest.
Other Forms of Renewable Energy
Beyond wave energy, there are several other types of renewable energy that play a crucial role in reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and protecting the environment. Here’s a look at the most common forms.
Solar energy comes from the sun. It can be captured using solar panels, which convert sunlight into electricity. This energy is abundant and available almost everywhere.
Wind energy is generated by the movement of air. Large wind turbines capture the wind’s energy and turn it into electricity. Wind farms are commonly found in open fields or offshore.
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Hydropower (Hydroelectric Energy – Hydroelectricity)
Hydropower uses the flow of water, usually from rivers or dams, to generate electricity. Water turns turbines that produce power. It’s one of the oldest and most reliable renewable energy sources.
Geothermal energy comes from the heat stored beneath the Earth’s surface. This heat can be used to generate electricity or for direct heating. It’s especially useful in areas with volcanic activity.
Biomass energy is produced from organic materials like wood, agricultural crops, and waste. When these materials are burned or processed, they release energy that can be used for electricity, heating, or fuel.
Tidal energy is generated from the movement of tides in the oceans. Special turbines are placed in tidal streams to capture this energy and convert it into electricity. It’s a reliable source of energy because tides are predictable.
Final Thoughts
Let’s recap. Wave energy is a promising, eco-friendly source of renewable energy that harnesses the natural movement of ocean waves to generate electricity.
By investing in this technology, we can reduce reliance on fossil fuels, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and contribute to a more sustainable future.
Additionally, wave energy has the potential to create jobs and stimulate economic growth in coastal regions.