Tire Design & Manufacturing Process Explained

Tires are critical for any vehicle, providing traction, support, and handling capabilities. Understanding tire design and manufacturing is crucial for maintaining optimal vehicle performance, safety, and longevity. This article will take you through tire design, the steps involved in manufacturing tires, the latest tire technology, and more.

The Importance of Tire Design

Tire design helps improve vehicle performance, safety, and fuel economy. 

  • The rubber makeup affects traction, wear resistance, and temperature resilience. Comparatively, synthetic rubbers are superior in thermal stability and resistance to oils and related compounds. 
  • Tire tread pattern is another critical aspect of tire design. Efficient tread designs help in dispersing water,  increasing grip on both wet and dry surfaces. Additionally, well-designed treads contribute to lowering noise levels during driving.
  • The carcass and belt structure within the tire also contribute to its overall structural integrity. A robust carcass ensures the tire maintains its shape and withstands the stress of driving. The belt structure helps distribute the load evenly across the tire’s surface.

Tire Design Elements

  • Tread Pattern

Detailed grooves and sipes in tire design tread patterns lessen road noise and hydroplaning resistance. Asymmetric tread patterns are used in performance tires for better grip and handling, and they blend dry performance with water evacuation.

  • Sidewall

Tire design sidewalls utilize polyester or nylon to absorb road imperfections, which augments the ride and stability. Furthermore, sidewalls also indicate tire size and performance while assisting in selection and upkeep.

  • Internal Structure

Steel belts and a polyester cord body provide the tire strength and flexibility. They are essential for durability and impact resistance. High-performance tire designs with an aramid cap plies lower centrifugal forces and boost stability at high speeds.

  • Tire Compounds

Tire compositions balance grip, wear resistance, and fuel economy, with silica-enriched rubbers strengthening wet grip and rolling resistance. Notably, tire design advances have produced temperature-sensitive materials that adapt to road conditions for maximum performance across manifold temperatures.

Tire Manufacturing Process

  • Prepare Materials and Mix (Rubber Compound)

A mixer blends exact amounts of natural and synthetic rubber with carbon black, silica, and plasticizers. Vulcanizing agents like sulfur help cross-link the mix for better elasticity and strength.

  • Component Preparation and Assembly

Calendering machines press rubber into thin sheets cut for treads and sidewalls. Second, these components are assembled on a tire-building machine that forms the carcass layer before belts, treads, and sidewalls are added.

  • Curing

The accomplished tire is first pressured and heated in a mold. Rubber molecules are cross-linked during vulcanization, which gives the tire its structure and qualities. Second, the mold’s complicated design prints tire tread and sidewall marks.

  • Final Test

An X-ray and ultrasound examine each tire for faults in structural integrity. Then, dynamic balancing tests assess uniformity for the best road performance and life.

The Latest Tire Technology for TBR Tires

Off-road vehicles often face challenging terrains, from sinking into soft mud, sand, or snow to navigating through harsh conditions that can cause significant tire damage. These obstacles not only pose risks to vehicle safety but also threaten operational efficiency and preparedness. It is against such a backdrop that Diamond 4C Tire Technology from TECKING emerges as an innovation for TBR tires designed for off-road use. This advanced technology ensures that vehicles remain safe and reliable, even in the most demanding environments. The following are the highlights of this technology:

  • 23% Increase in Cut Resistance: By blending natural rubber with styrene-butadiene that contains a benzene ring, TECKING’s tire design is more resistant to cuts. Low-temperature vulcanization, refined through temperature measurement calculations, maximizes rubber performance.
  • 25% Enhanced Carcass Strength: The tire carcass is significantly robust, enhancing flexural performance and overall durability. There’s a 25% increase in strength and a 19% improvement in fatigue resistance.
  • 12% Improvement in Wear Uniformity: Optimal ground contact is achieved through finite element simulation analysis, leading to a 12% improvement in wear uniformity over standard tires.
  • 32% Increase in Durability: The Crown and Shoulder Sym-Growth feature allows even expansion of the tire crown when inflated, distributing stress more uniformly and reducing peak stresses, thus increasing durability by 32%.

TECKING Tire Recommendation

Because of their novel tire design, the 12.00R24 ETOT and 12.00R20 ETOD tires are ideal for tough mining and construction activities that need the greatest dependability. In Peruvian mining uses, the 12.00R24 ETOT has the lowest Cost Per Hour (CPH) thanks to its great retreadability (up to five times) and endurance. Virtually, it is double the average lifetime of premium rivals on drive axles. The 12.00R20 ETOD’s anti-puncture and even tread wear over 7000km render it reliable on gravel roads with sharp stones in Uganda’s road-building operations. 

Consequently, these tires are an investment in long-term performance and protection. It helps decrease operating breaks and boost efficiency in difficult working circumstances.

About TECKING

TECHKING is a leading manufacturer in China. Its mining and construction tire designs combine R&D with real-world applications. So, it works with over 40 equipment manufacturers in more than 100 countries, including XCMG, SANY, and ZOOMLION, and services Rio Tinto and BHP. Smart tires for electric self-driving cars exhibit its breakthrough technology, which separates it in the tire market. The company integrates product development, regional marketing, and specialties for custom solutions and full support. For more information about tire design and technology, please check out its site.